Asarone and Shyobunone Content in Indian Acorus calamus Fresh Plants and Dried Rhizome Samples
1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1★★ Corresponding author
- 1Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, INDIA.
- 2Hon. Advisor, Authentic Botanical Consultancy, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA.
- 3Ayurvidye Trust, second Stage, Girinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA.
CORRESPONDENCE
Alka Mukne
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, Maharashtra, INDIA.
Received: 30-10-2024; Accepted: 03-12-2024.
Volume 17, Issue 1 · pp. 313-325 · 2025 · DOI: 10.5530/pres.20251997
ABSTRACT
Acorus calamus, traditionally used as a neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and analgesic agent, has α-asarone, β-asarone, and shyobunone as its major phytoconstituents. β-asarone is associated with dose-dependent cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Ascertaining content of these phytoconstituents becomes essential for developing safe and efficacious medicines from this plant. The study aimed to estimate the content of α-asarone, β-asarone and shyobunone in Acorus calamus fresh plants and dried rhizome samples collected from different regions of India. Dried rhizomes and fresh rhizomes and leaves of Acorus calamus were collected from various locations in India. Novel, simple, rapid and accurate reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography methods for estimation of α-asarone, β-asarone and shyobunone were developed and validated. 0.05% Ortho Phosphoric Acid (OPA) in water: acetonitrile (55:45) for simultaneous estimation of α-asarone and β-asarone and 0.05% Ortho Phosphoric Acid (OPA) in water, acetonitrile and methanol (15:40:45) was the mobile phase used for analysis of shyobunone. The content of α-asarone, β-asarone, and shyobunone in various calamus samples ranged from 0.004-0.10% w/w, 2.30-4.40% w/w and 0.018-0.10%w/w respectively. All rhizome samples were found to contain higher amounts of these phytoconstituents, followed by leaves. Within the dried rhizomes, these phytoconstituents were found to be localized in greater amounts within the wood, as compared to the bark. The content of β-asarone in the calamus samples is found to be lower than what has been reported earlier in the Indian varieties, possibly due to spontaneous mutations with alteration in ‘ploidy’ status.
KEYWORDS
REFERENCES
As publishedShowing references and in-text citations exactly as published.
Cite this article
SELECT FORMAT
Dangat, S., Sawate, K., Ghuge, R., Sureshchandra, S. T., Narayana, A., & Mukne, A. (2025). Asarone and Shyobunone Content in Indian Acorus calamus Fresh Plants and Dried Rhizome Samples. Pharmacognosy Research, 17(1), 313-325. https://doi.org/10.5530/pres.20251997
Copyright and licence
© 2025 Author(s)
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. CC BY-NC-SA 4.0